Pros and Cons of green technology Essay

Green technology is a term that is being was from the time when Mother Nature started to reflect the consequences of the human’s actions. Since the global population start to grow rapidly, the demand of services and products have grow as well, so the human have to had to think more about how to do a better use of the nonrenewable resources. This problem has carried the continuous development of methods and materials that do not affect the environment. Nowadays expertise, companies and government are working hard on the generation of mechanisms and techniques to avoid and diminish environmental contamination. However, green technology has some disadvantages that do not allow people to afford it, and support more this environmental cause. The origin of the use of green technology start when according to Walsh, Mayor Michael Bloomberg tried to force those drivers to go hybrid before New York City ever had its yellow fleet of gas-guzzling taxis. There was a thriving electric-taxi company at the turn of the 20th century that served the entire metropolis, and green technology was considered something of the future. By that time there to clean up an economy that has been inexorably built on fossil fuels on coal, oil and gasoline-powered automobiles. However, today big businesses do care about the future of the world if any measurable actions are not taken care, and executed. The first advantage of using green technology is that with the use of renewable resources future generations are not going to be threatening for the lack of natural and clean resources, like clean air and clean water. Implementing sustainable materials and methods that meet society needs in manners that do not deplete natural resources, guarantee the life of the planet. This new kind of technology brings the creation of sustainable materials that reduce the impact on the environment. These materials improve indoor air quality, energy efficiency, water conservation, and affordability. Talk about sustainable materials includes green buildings. The requirements that build green building includes energy efficiency, renewable energy water, water efficiency, environmentally building materials and specifications, waste reductions, toxics reduction,  indoor air quality and smart growth and sustainable development. Stated in (Energy in Green Building) buildings in United States involve 35 percent of direct energy use, of that 35 percent, 64 percent goes into heating, ventilation, and air conditioning; 24 percent heats hot water; 13 percent provides lighting; and electrical appliances are beginning to cut a significant wedge into the pie. In terms of carbon dioxide production, in total, buildings are responsible for 48% of all greenhouse gasses. Strategically placing windows and skylights can eliminate the need for electrical lighting during the day and reduce from 20 to 30 percent the energy use. The creation of sustainable materials is one of those challenges of the companies nowadays. In fact all the products of manufacturing companies need to have a conformity certification, and that guaranty to the costumer a product with quality. This is an job of Underwriters Laboratories (UL) is one of the labs that awards manufactured products to be within the standards parameters, now is bestowing a sustainable materials certificate. Supplies such as pencils of reforested certified wood by Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) assure people that this pencil was from a renewable resource, also the crayons made petroleum free. Environmentalists suggest using paper rolls and paper pad recycled. Also using paper bags from recycle paper helps the environment. Besides there are different supplies made from organic cotton that are free of pesticides and synthetic fertilizers. Eco friendly paints are a good option not only for the environment but also for the people that live in this house or apartment. Paint free of VOC will reduce the pollution in the house due to the poisonous gases that the paint gives off even when is dry, and cause an immense destruction to the environment. Another good decision is a cork floor is an inexpensive and durable material. Green technology has carried a lot of innovation of technology that does not affect the environment, and also has cause changes in patterns of production and consumption. Going green is also an advantage in a difficult economy when the recycle is place in practice, for example, According to NRDC, Bank of America reduced the weight of its ATM receipts from 20 pounds to 15 pounds, saving paper, transportation, storing and handling costs, to the tune of $500,000 a year. Coca-Cola’s efforts to cut down on packaging saved it $100 million. The use of renewable energy is economically and environmentally viable. In the United States, wind farms are going up across the nation, providing electricity at the competitive wholesale rate of three to five cents per kilowatt-hour (Energy in Green Building). Shell Oil estimated that for the â€Å"by 2010 commercial energy from biomass could provide five percent of the world’s power.† The value of that energy production could be over $20 billion. The environment pollution in the use of fossil fuels is causing sicknesses and diseases in the human health. â€Å"Air pollution is causing more deaths than HIV or malaria combined,† Kandeh Yumkella, director general of the U.N. Industrial Development Organization said. A 2012 World Health Organization (WHO) study found that 3.5 million people die early annually from indoor air pollution and 3.3 million from outdoor air pollution. Toxic particles shorten lives by causing diseases such as pneumonia or cancer. â€Å"Still, it means more than 6 million deaths every year caused by air pollution,† said Neira. â€Å"The horrible thing is that this will be growing† because of rising use of fossil fuels. On the contrary part green technology has some disadvantages. The first reason why no many people or industries choose green technology is for the highest production cost that this represents. Eco-friendly products need new research and technology that might be invested in the searched of new materials and ways of production that do not affect to the nature. The higher cost is due to the small amount of eco-friendly products on the market, so for the manufacturers complicated the cost-cutting. For example Consumer Search estimates that you will pay about $1,000 more for a furnace that’s 90 percent efficient than one that’s 80 percent efficient. Over the life of the furnace however, you will likely save much more than $1,000 in fuel costs if you choose the more efficient unit. According to MSN, a fuel-efficient vehicle costs up to $4,000 more upfront than vehicles with standard fuel efficiency. Even though more efficient vehicles can lower fuel costs for years and help protect the environment, many buyers are just not willing to invest in efficient (Cost of Going Green). Stated by Jon Kaplan, owner of Greenworks Cabinetry, a Florida company that manufactures eco-friendly furniture products, he must get many of his building materials from the West Coast and even Asia, which  leads to higher prices for the consumer. Since the 2008 a company named Nstar initiated a program that supplied energy coming from wind farms in Maine and upstate New York. At the beginning of the program customers decided to paid 1.4 cents more per kilowatt per hour, increase the price of the kilowatt from 12.5 to 13.9. At the beginning the number of customers was 8,368 customers in January 2010, but this number that decreased to 6,163 people using the NStar Green service. Some green alternatives like environment-friendly toiletries, wood furniture and organic materials cost more than non-green products. The use of bio-fuel can provide a number of advantages over conventional forms of energy. Meanwhile using fossil fuel increase the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and in the United States (GHG) represent about a third of total U.S. emissions of carbon dioxide, the use of bio-fuels can reduce significantly the greenhouse effect. On a full fuel-cycle basis, corn ethanol has the potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by as much as 52% over petroleum-based fuels using bio-fuels such as coal, natural gas, and biomass will reduce however this can represent a problem due to the raise of the prices of certain kind of food. Using food crops to produce ethanol will raise the nutritional problems (â€Å"Environmental Benefits of Bio-fuels†). According to the World Health Organization, nearly 60 percent of the people on earth are currently malnourished. This means that the use of corn for ethanol production will increase the price of the beef, eggs, white meat and fish. Pimentel States that the hungry problem rise in the mid –century from 8 to 9 million because the lack of food because it was burned more grain as fuel. Another fact that can be attributing to the use of bio-fuel is the inconsistence of some of the available renewable options of fuels is inconsistent. For example if it is wanted to produce energy from the wind, the space require to install wind turbines need to be large, this will reduce the space dedicated for harvest and food production, and cattle. Moreover there are certain places where the wind is not as good for energy production, as if the turbines are installed near the ocean, this will restrict the tourism growth, and at least 16 feet waves are required for the turbines’ efficiency. Wind energy is also noisy and that’s the reason why they are constructed in areas far away of human life. This is a threat to the wild life. The use of solar energy is very expensive and only works during the day. Photovoltaic batteries can be used,  but the price of them are increasing, and also the location of the solar panels is very important, so they must be installed in areas where the shadows of other buildings do not affect its efficacy. The third con of going green is in put up in green buildings. Likewise green buildings have a high cost in its construction, it is contradictory that the main purpose of it it is the money saving. Thus this is because most of the materials are not available in America, so the importations increase the price of them immediately. Nevertheless not only this, green buildings do not affect directly to the environment but for the people inside the building it does. This is because basically all the recycle materials used have harmful chemical products that emit toxins and affect the indoor air. For example the fluorescent lights used emit radiations which affect the health. Work Cited Beach, Emely â€Å"Cons of going green† Apr 29, 2011, Web. Apr. 17, 2013. Doyle, Alyster. â€Å"Air pollution scourge underestimated, green energy can help: U.N.† Web Apr 17, 2013 < http://www.reuters.com> Walsh, Bryan. â€Å"The Surprisingly Long History of Green Energy† Apr. 06, 2011 http://www.buzzle.com/articles/what-are-the-disadvantages-of-green-buildings.html The Disadvantages of Going Green for a Corporation by Chris Joseph, Demand Media http://smallbusiness.chron.com/disadvantages-going-green-corporation-3318.html The high cost of going green Premium for NStar wind program rises sharply BY: Bruce Mohl November 29, 2012 Greening Business Earthshare.org. http://www.earthshare.org/greening-business.html

‘Hoods’ a Drama Production

The performance ‘Hoods’ by Barking Gecko Theatre Co. is a play about two young children, Jessie and Kyle, who create video game style situations to pass the time as they are left in the car by their mother. This play was performed at Thornlie Senior High School’s Performing Arts Centre on Friday the 1st of April 2011. It was a great honour to have this brilliant play shown to the high school students as it showed perseverance of the young children. The play was written by Angela Betzien and directed by Leticia Ca’ceres. The actors were Sam Longley and Andrea Gibbs, Sam who played Kyle and Andrea who played Jessie. The style in which the play was performed was presentational although there are some parts of realism because situations like these actually do happen. The actors played multiple characters and morphed into each one. The morphing shows visible changes of character. They had great versatility of characters and played each one with passion for the role. The facial expressions they used seemed to add to the way they acted and made us, as an audience believe their roles much more. Other presentational aspects include the use of direct address and poetic narration throughout the performance. Jessie and Kyle’s mother leaves them and their baby brother (Troy) in the car as she went to the shops. Troy get sick and the children are fearful of their situation and go off to seek their grandmother. Their mother hadn’t actually forgotten about them but rather had been caught shoplifting for them and was taken away. The themes for ‘Hoods’ would be child neglect, poverty and domestic violence. The playwright had the intention of telling these children’s story to the audience. As children they don’t have the ability to tell people their situation and get help like adults can. The intentions would be that they wrote the play with the intention of showing powerlessness, and making the characters feel vulnerable as they are so young and in situations we don’t expect children to be in, they delivered these very effectively. There are three main parts of the play where they are powerless, when the children are in the car trying to find their mum, when the counsellor has no power to take the children out and treat them and when the mother is powerless against the father’s violent ways. Their costumes were old and shaggy due to their setting being dirty and poverty stricken. They both wore hoods which they either wore on or off their heads, depending on what character they were playing. The set contained very few objects, a box that acted as a car, the fence and some chairs. This added to the deserted feel of the play. The lighting was dark with the main lighting in the middle, where most of the action took place. There were also few props, the baby, Jessie’s ‘magic’ wand and even though it was clothing, Jessie’s jacket as it was something she never took off, like her comfort blanket. There were different sounds throughout the performance, such as, cars, sirens, explosions and dogs barking. The stage at the high school was quite spacious giving the actors a chance to use it all, which they did perfectly. I really liked the performance, it was interesting and compelling. There was action, comedy and tragedy which all added to the performance’s appeal. It did start to get slightly boring toward the end but it think that was because it was quite long, but overall very good. I think most of the audience liked it due to the attention they payed and the amount of applause at the end. I would definitely recommend ‘Hoods’ to anyone looking for a great play to watch.

Essay on Differences and Similarities between Reagan and...

Differences and Similarities Between Reagan and Gorbachev The Cold War, which started sometime in the 1940’s, was a large quarrel between the United States and the Soviet Union. This dispute involved a lot of propaganda and threats of nuclear warfare. Despite all of the trouble though, after over forty years of fighting, the two leaders of these countries (Ronald Reagan and Mikhail Gorbachev) would finally work out a solution. However, although they did reach an agreement, there were many differences between these two men. One way in which these men were dissimilar is that they were leaders of different countries, each with their own ideas and opinions on how things should be dealt with. For example, Ronald Reagan was the president†¦show more content†¦This is especially true for Gorbachev because he knew that The Cold War needed to end. However, in taking the steps to do this, Gorbachev eventually caused the collapse of The Soviet Union. However, in the end, he was ending the war for the greater good. This is a respectable and admirable trait of Gorbachev that is known globally. Another characteristic that Reagan and Gorbachev shared was how popular they were with the American people. Ronald Reagan was a popular president by the end of his time, and most Americans liked and respected him. Mikhail Gorbachev was also well respected by the Americans because he allowed the destruction of the Berlin wall and was eventually to blame for the fall of the Soviet Union. The United States saw Gorbachev as both an ally and a friend. The Soviets on the other hand had mixed opinions on him. This makes him dissimilar to Reagan because he was not popular with his own people. In addition to this similarity, Reagan and Gorbachev also shared yet another attribute. This trait was that these two men worked immensely to put an end to The Cold War. They were able to do this in many ways. For example, Reagan and Gorbachev swapped letters multiple times on business. These letters show that these two men worked together and e ventually became acquaintances. These men showed diligence in their dealings with oneShow MoreRelatedPresident Ronald Reagan’s speech at the Berlin Brandenburg Gate1310 Words   |  5 Pagesthat came out of President Ronald Reagan’s speech at the Berlin Brandenburg Gate on June 12, 1987. Speaking to the Soviet leader Mikahil Gorbachev, Reagan was calling for the unification of East and West Germany. With the destruction of the wall, he believed it would bring not only Germany prosperity, but The Soviet Union as well. During this speech, President Reagan brings forth the benefits of tearing down the wall and unifying Germany once again. He introduces his strategies to create freedom, economicRead MorePresident Reagan s Visionary And Ethical Leadership1298 Words   |  6 PagesRonald W. Reagan American presidents are often faced with making decisions and implementing plans that affect the lives of so many people. America’s 40th president, Ronald Reagan, through his leadership prevented a nuclear war with the Soviet Union and avoided the loss of American lives in Libya. President Reagan was an effective visionary leader and an ethical leader when he negotiated with the Soviet Union to avoid nuclear war and prevented Americans from being harmed in Libya. I will showRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem Leningrad 1735 Words   |  7 Pagesto write the song Leningrad. The friendship of Joel and Viktor was sparked by Viktor coming to all of Joel’s Russian tour performances. Throughout the song Joel references both his own life and Viktor’s while growing up and portrays the differences and similarities they both faced. This method of recollection is effective in that it becomes a symbol for the easing of tensions in a cold war that in this point of time seemed unnecessary (Holden). 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The Freedom Of Speech By The Bill Of Rights - 1569 Words

The bill of rights was created to give people the fundamentally important individual freedoms that no law could limit or take away. The quote from In Our Defense Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press greater emphasis how vital it was to make freedom of speech the main priority for the people of this nation. However, many of the stuff the people express when using this right had caused many to feel offended because they have different beliefs and values. This has led to the creation of laws which have tried and defined such broad topics into a single definite definition. Free speech is one of the several liberties given by the bill of rights to every person living in the Unites States. Such right, however, is limited in colleges where students are sheltered and not exposed to topics that are currently reshaping society in new ways. Colleges and universities are the ideal places to challenge debatable topics to better prepare students to be tolerant of the opinion of others. Free speech on college campuses is not truly free speech for the reason being that colleges use policies and school codes to regulate what is allowed to be said in a college campus. Free speech should be defined as the right to express any belief/view without restraint from the government or college campus. When talking about speech people need to understand that there is a bigShow MoreRelatedFreedom Of Speech : Bill Of Rights851 Words   |  4 Pagesin the Bill of Rights in the First Amendment the following: â€Å"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble and to petition the government for a redress of grievances† (Bill of Rights - Bill of Rights Institute. 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Production Planning and Control Activities - 1664 Words

ASSIGNMENT 4 Production planning and control is considered as a backbone of the production. All inputs including the demand, forecasting, capacity should be analysed . The wrong input in the planning will cause problem to the production. Therefore, as an expert in Industrial Engineering, you are required to discuss and explain few issues as highlighted below: a) Inventory management is part of production planning and control activities. Based on Toyota Production System, the best quantity to be kept in the warehouse is zero inventory. i) Discuss how this concept can be implemented in small medium and enterprise (SME)? How SMEs could ensure the minimum inventory will not cause delay to the production? The Toyota Production System (TPS) is an integrated socio-technical system which established by Toyota where it contains its management philosophy and practices to surround in provided that best quality, lowest cost, and direct lead time through the removal of waste. The system also known as lean manufacturing. This system was urbanized between 1948 and 1975, and firstly called as just-in-time production, where it shapes on the approach formed by the founder of Toyota, Sakichi Toyoda, his son Kiichiro Toyoda, and the engineer Taiichi Ohno. Besides that, jidoka is one of the two main leaders of TPS. Jidoka was well-defined as an automation with a human touch. It refers to the skill to break production lines, by man or machine, in the event of difficulties such asShow MoreRelatedRequirements Of The Computer Aided Manufacturing Systems With A Special Focus On Mes Functionality1626 Words   |  7 PagesNowadays, the rapidly changing environment requires rapid changes in manufacturing s ystems. Industries must adapt their manufacturing systems to maximise their productivity and the profitability of production. Customers increasingly require a shorter time to market. 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[1]Shell’s major focus on need to build sustainable energy future. Shell stresses its role in integrating sustainability at all levels of its business. It planning to reduce impact on the environment. Shell working to minimise its environmental impact in a number of ways: †¢ Managing CO2 emissions †¢ Reduce water dependency †¢ Minimise waste †¢ Carry out biodiversity assessments †¢ Collaborate with internationalRead MoreEssay on Lean Management1585 Words   |  7 PagesProduction relates to where raw materials also known as inputs are converted into outputs. The main role of production is to produce services and products that customers demand in the most economical and efficient way (Kumar 1999). Production planning and control is necessary in making decisions concerning utilization, acquisition, and allocation of resources in production processes with the objective of satisfying customer needs effectively and efficiently. 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The operations function includes many interrelated activities, such as forecasting, capacity planning, scheduling, managing inventories, assuring quality, motivating employees, deciding where to locate facilities, and more. We can use anRead MoreRecommendation Of Priority Is Initiatives1143 Words   |  5 Pagesorder to address the problem areas discussed above we propose the following Information system for Brick House i.e., BHS 2.0 A new system BHS 2.0 integrates order entry, master scheduling and manufacturing execution. 1. The main features of the production order tracking system are: †¢ Tracks WIP(Work in Progress) †¢ Sends back the information of estimated order completion to Order Entry system †¢ Live Capacity estimation is calculated using below parameters: †¢ Planned downtime of any manufacturingRead MoreHomework chapter 1 Essay1675 Words   |  7 Pagesdescribe some planning and control activities that its managers would engage in. 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By Water Investments Limited & OR’s V-Free Samples for Students

Question: Explain on about the Water vs. ORs? Answer: Introducation In this case, the companies that were incorporated abroad were By water Investments Ltd, Chemical Trustee Ltd and Derrin Brothers Properties Ltd. The By water Investments Ltd was incorporated in Bahamas. The two companies Chemical Trustee Ltd and Derrin Brothers Properties Ltd was incorporated in United Kingdom. The parent companies are the two companies from Cayman Islands. In the two companies, one of the company is JA investment Limited. In both the Cayman island companies, the sole shareholder is Mr. Peter Borgas. He currently resides in Switzerland and has been a director of By water Investments Ltd, Chemical Trustee Ltd and Derrin Brothers Properties Ltd from 1998. The company Hua Wang Bank Berhad is a company that is incorporated in Samoa. This company has issued debentures that suspense the voting right of the bearer. The JA investment Limited holds debentures issued by the company (Dabner 2016). The Hua Wang Bank Berhad, By water Investments Ltd, Chemical Trustee Ltd and Derrin Brothers Properties Ltd are the appellant companies of this case. The appellant company has made profits from trading shares that was listed in the Australian Stock Exchange. The Commissioner of tax is the respondent in this case. It was considered by the Commissioner that all the appellant companies were controlled by a Sydney based accountant Mr. Vanda Gould. It was deemed by the commissioner that all appellants was resident of Australia under the meaning provided in the section 6-1 of the Income Tax Assessment act 1936. The commissioner on the assumption that the control and central management of the company is in Sydney so deemed the appellants resident of Australian (Burnett 2015). The Commissioner separately assessed the appellant companies for tax for multiple years from 2001 to 2007. The total tax that was assessed by the Commissioner for all the appellant was more than 13 million dollars. The Commissioner for their respective assessments disallowed the objections raised by the appellant companies. The aggrieved parties then went for an appeal in the Federal court. The court dismissed the appeal of all the appellants. It was argued by the appellants that Mr. Borgas from countries other than Australia effectively controlled the companies (Renne et al. 2015). The court however found that all the directors of the company used to obtain advice from Mr. Gould. The directors used to adopt the advice provided by him in a mechanical fashion. Therefore, the court concluded that Mr. Gould truly controlled the company. The court further found Sydney to be the central place for control and management of the company. The court supported the argument of the Commissioner and treated the appellant as the resident of Australia for the purpose of tax (Bywaters et al. 2016). The appellant further appealed to the full Court but it was dismissed. It was held by the court that there was no error of law in making the above conclusion. The appellant failed to provide evidence that the establishments for the purpose of tax was not the resident of Australia. Section breached In this case, the court had to decide whether the appellants were the resident of Australia for the purpose of income tax. The assessment was conducted by the court after evaluating the control and the place for central management of the organizations. The court also dealt with issue whether the profit from sale of shares should be regarded as revenue or capital income. The companies treated the shares as a trading stock (Sloan 2017). The court discussed the meaning of trading stock under the income tax act. This case required reference to various provisions of the income tax act. In this case, the sections of the Income Tax Assessment Acts that have been breached or referred to are provided below: Section 6 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1936; Section 70-5 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997; Section 70-35 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997; Section 70-40 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997; Section 70-45 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997; Section 70-80 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997; The section 70-5 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 provides that the main purpose of accounting for trading stock is to provide a result that properly reflects the activity of the business with the trading stock during the income year. This section highlights three key features for tax accounting of trading stocks (Sloan 2017). These three key features are: The information related to net profit or loss made from selling of trading stock should not be recorded in the accounts. The gross earning and outgoing should be recorded on accounts. The earnings and outgoing should be of revenue nature. The difference arising from the value of trading stock in hand at the beginning and at the end of the year should be recorded in the accounts. The section 70-35 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 provides that the taxpayer should include the value of the trading stock at the time of calculating the assessable income and deductions. That means the assessable income should include the excess in the value of trading stock at the end of the year than in the beginning of the year (Carrozza and Fantini 2016). The section 70-40 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 provides that the value of trading stock at the beginning of the year should be the same value of stock that was at the end of the last year. The section 70-45 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 provide that the trading stock at the end of the Year should be valued at cost, market value or replacement value. Analysis of the decision of the court In this case, the High Court dismissed The Appeal of all the four companies. It was held by the High Court that for the purpose of income tax the appellants was regarded as Australian resident and therefore they are liable to pay tax. It was seen that one of the directors of the appellant companies was a resident of Switzerland. The directors meetings were held in Switzerland. The other appellants were incorporated in Samoa and most of the directors of those companies are employees of Samoan international trustee (Odgers 2013). The Commissioner of tax made assessment for tax as they made profit in purchasing and selling of shares listed in Australian Stock Exchange. The appellant objected to the assessment made by the Commissioner of income tax. It was argued by them that they are not resident of Australia under section 6(1) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1936. The Commissioner rejected the objection so the appellant appealed to the court against the decision of the commissioner. The appeal had three issues that the court was required to determine: Whether there has been an error of law in considering that the central management and the control of the organizations appealing was in Australia during the years of assessment. Whether there has been an error of law in considering that, the income from sale of shares is of revenue nature. Whether an error of law was made in considering the shares as a trading stock. The court found that although the business located outside Australia but a resident of Australia Mr. Gould conducted the real business of the appellants. It was held by the court that as the control and central management of the business of the appellants is situated in Australia so the appellants should be regarded as an Australian resident for the purpose of tax under section 6(1) of the Income Tax Assessment act 1936. Therefore, the companies are liable to pay tax under the act. The appellant argued that as the board meetings were situated outside Australia so the central management and control of the company is in abroad (Carpenter et al. 2015). Hence, they contended that there is no liability to pay tax. On analyzing the facts, the federal court found no reason to doubt the findings that the appellants was resident of Australia for the purpose of tax. On further appeal by the appellant, it was held by the court that as per the principle the residency of a company is determined b y the facts and degree (Carroll 2014). This requires determining where the control and central management of the company abides. It is determined by referring to the activity of the business and not based on the formal documents or organizational structures. It was held by the court that it is a fact that the board of directors is located abroad. However, the court found that the main decision making power for all the appellants lies in Sydney with an Australian resident. The reason for making the conclusion is that the directors of the appellant companies apply the decision taken by the Australian resident without revising or reconsidering them. The high court therefore dismissed the appeal (Foreman and Meisenheimer 2014). It was also raised before the primary judge whether the profit that was made from the disposal of long-term investment shares is a capital nature or revenue nature income. The taxpayer argued that the profit were of capital nature. The court held that the profits that the appellant has made from selling of shares are of revenue nature. The main reason behind the decision is that the taxpayer made the profit in the ordinary course of business activity. The activity of purchasing and selling of shares was carried out with the intention of making profit. The court found that the intention of the taxpayer to make profit is the main reason for considering shares as a trading stock. It was also regarded by the court that the taxpayer are engaged in the business of purchasing and selling of shares (Coombs and Edwards 2013). The finding was challenged by the appellant that the profits are in the revenue nature. The appellant and the Commissioner both did not contested the fact that the share s are considered as trading stock. It can be seen that as none of the parties contested the fact on trading stock so it would be inappropriate for the court to question the judgment of the primary judge. Therefore, it was held that the profit from the selling of shares are of revenue nature (Ward 2016). Conclusion The discussion above has help in understanding the background of the case. The discussion also highlights the sections that have been breached or has been referred to in the current case. The report above also discusses the decision that has been given by the court. The reason for making the decision by the court has also been analyzed. After analyzing, the entire case it can be concluded that the residential status of an organization for the purpose of tax should be determined based on the place of actual activity and not based on the formal organization or documentation. In this case, the appellant's appeal was dismissed by the court and it was held that for the purpose of tax all the appellants are Australian resident under section 6-1 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1936. Reference Burnett, C., 2015. When is a company incorporated outside Australia a resident of Australia?.Tax Specialist,18(5), p.198. Bywaters, P., Bunting, L., Davidson, G., Hanratty, J., Mason, W., McCartan, C. and Steils, N., 2016. The relationship between poverty, child abuse and neglect: an evidence review. Carpenter, A., Mitchell, E. and Price, S., 2015. Blight remediation in the Southeast: local approaches to design and implementation. Carroll, J.M., 2014.Confidential information sources: Public and private. Elsevier. Carrozza, C. and Fantini, E., 2016. The Italian water movement and the politics of the commons.Water Alternatives,9(1). Coombs, H. and Edwards, J.R., 2013.Accounting Innovation (RLE Accounting): Municipal Corporations 1835-1935. Routledge. Dabner, J., 2016. " It's the vibe of the thing": Esquire Nominees (re) considered by the High Court.CCH Tax Week,2016, pp.1-3. Doran, C.M., 2013. The costs and benefits of interventions in the area of mental health: a rapid review.An Evidence Check review brokered by the Sax Institute for the Mental Health Commission of NSW. Sax Institute: Haymarket. Foreman, J. and Meisenheimer, G., 2014. The Evolution of the Class Action Trial in Ontario. Gray, A., 2014.Why Scots Should Rule Scotland. Canongate Books. Kemm, J., 2014.Health promotion: ideology, discipline, and specialism. OUP Oxford. Odgers, W.B., 2013.The Principles of Pleading and Practice in Civil Actions in the High Court of Justice. Read Books Ltd. Renne, J., Listokin, D., Tolford, T., Mosby, K. and Amdal, J., 2015. The Opportunities and Tensions of Historic Preservation and Transit Oriented Development. Sloan, B., 2017.Borkowski's Law of Succession. Oxford University Press. Vickery, K.K., 2014.Barriers to and opportunities for commercial urban farming: case studies from Austin, Texas and New Orleans, Louisiana(Doctoral dissertation). Ward, A., 2016.Dimensions of poverty: An examination of quality of life, security, opportunities, and empowerment among New Orleans' tourism industry workers(Doctoral dissertation, Tulane University, Payson Center for International Development).

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